How does perception play a role in emotion

Blood Flow Metab. Holmes, A. The processing of emotional facial expression is gated by spatial attention: evidence from event-related brain potentials. Hoshi, Y. Recognition of human emotions from cerebral blood flow changes in the frontal region: a study with event-related near-infrared spectroscopy.

Neuroimaging 21, e94—e Isen, A. Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Jack, R. The human face as a dynamic tool for social communication. Effects of chronic stress on structure and cell function in rat hippocampus and hypothalamus.

Stress 7, — Jung, N. How emotions affect logical reasoning: evidence from experiments with mood-manipulated participants, spider phobics, and people with exam anxiety. Kensinger, E. Effect of negative emotional content on working memory and long-term memory. Emotion 3, — Two routes to emotional memory: distinct neural processes for valence and arousal. Processing emotional pictures and words: effects of valence and arousal. Khairudin, R. Effects of emotional contents on explicit memory process.

Pertanika J. Emotion and explicit verbal memory: evidence using Malay Lexicon. Asian Soc. Kleinginna, P. A categorized list of emotion definitions, with suggestions for a consensual definition. Koechlin, E. The role of the anterior prefrontal cortex in human cognition.

Kok, A. Age-related changes in involuntary and voluntary attention as reflected in components of the event-related potential ERP. Krause, C. Relative electroencephalographic desynchronization and synchronization in humans to emotional film content: an analysis of the 4—6, 6—8, 8—10 and 10—12 Hz frequency bands.

Lane, R. Neuroanatomical correlates of pleasant and unpleasant emotion. Neuropsychologia 35, — Levy, B. Cognitive control and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex: reflexive reorienting, motor inhibition, and action updating.

Li, L. Berlin: Springer, — CrossRef Full Text. Logothetis, N. Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal. Mayberg, H. Limbic-Cortical Dysregulation. The Neuropsychiatry of Limbic and Subcortical Disorders. McGaugh, J. Memory—a century of consolidation.

The amygdala modulates the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences. Make mild moments memorable: add a little arousal. Involvement of the amygdala in memory storage: interaction with other brain systems. Role of adrenal stress hormones in forming lasting memories in the brain.

Mega, M. The limbic system: an anatomic, phylogenetic, and clinical perspective. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Metcalfe, J. Miller, E. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Moll, J. Functional networks in emotional moral and nonmoral social judgments.

Neuroimage 16, — Montag, C. Primary emotional systems and personality: an evolutionary perspective. Morris, J. Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala. Processing of affective pictures modulates right-hemispheric gamma band EEG activity.

Neisser, U. The imitation of man by machine. Northoff, G. Reciprocal modulation and attenuation in the prefrontal cortex: an fMRI study on emotional—cognitive interaction. Brain Mapp. Self-referential processing in our brain—a meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self. Neuroimage 31, — Cortex 10, 93— Nunez, P. A theoretical and experimental study of high resolution EEG based on surface Laplacians and cortical imaging. Ochsner, K. Rethinking feelings: an fMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion.

The cognitive control of emotion. Emotion drives attention: detecting the snake in the grass. Okon-Singer, H. The neurobiology of emotion—cognition interactions: fundamental questions and strategies for future research. Oonishi, S. Opialla, S. Neural circuits of emotion regulation: a comparison of mindfulness-based and cognitive reappraisal strategies.

Psychiatry Clin. Oudeyer, P. Intrinsic motivation, curiosity, and learning: theory and applications in educational technologies. Ozawa, S. Negative emotion modulates prefrontal cortex activity during a working memory task: a NIRS study. Panksepp, J. Oxford: Oxford university press. Affective consciousness: core emotional feelings in animals and humans. The basic emotional circuits of mammalian brains: do animals have affective lives?

Cross-species affective neuroscience decoding of the primal affective experiences of humans and related animals. Effects of neonatal decortication on the social play of juvenile rats. What is neuropsychoanalysis? Clinically relevant studies of the minded brain. Papousek, I. Prefrontal EEG alpha asymmetry changes while observing disaster happening to other people: cardiac correlates and prediction of emotional impact.

Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of emotional memories. Payne, J. Stress administered prior to encoding impairs neutral but enhances emotional long-term episodic memories. Pegna, A. Discriminating emotional faces without primary visual cortices involves the right amygdala. Pekrun, R. Perlstein, W. Dissociation in human prefrontal cortex of affective influences on working memory-related activity.

Perrey, S. Non-invasive NIR spectroscopy of human brain function during exercise. Methods 45, — Pessoa, L. On the relationship between emotion and cognition. Phelps, E. Human emotion and memory: interactions of the amygdala and hippocampal complex. Plichta, M. Auditory cortex activation is modulated by emotion: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy fNIRS study.

Neuroimage 55, — Poldrack, R. Functional specialization for semantic and phonological processing in the left inferior prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage 10, 15— Ramnani, N. Anterior prefrontal cortex: insights into function from anatomy and neuroimaging. Richardson, M. Encoding of emotional memories depends on amygdala and hippocampus and their interactions.

Richter-Levin, G. Amygdala-hippocampus dynamic interaction in relation to memory. Rolls, E. The orbitofrontal cortex and reward. Russell, J. A circumplex model of affect. Facial and vocal expressions of emotion. Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: dissecting the elephant.

Rusting, C. Personality, mood, and cognitive processing of emotional information: three conceptual frameworks. Rutishauser, U. Human memory strength is predicted by theta-frequency phase-locking of single neurons. Schacht, A. Emotions in word and face processing: early and late cortical responses. Brain Cogn. Time course and task dependence of emotion effects in word processing.

Schiff, N. Schupp, H. Affective picture processing: the late positive potential is modulated by motivational relevance. Psychophysiology 37, — Emotional facilitation of sensory processing in the visual cortex. Selective visual attention to emotion.

Schwabe, L. Learning under stress impairs memory formation. Sederberg, P. Theta and gamma oscillations during encoding predict subsequent recall. Seli, P. On the relation between motivation and retention in educational contexts: the role of intentional and unintentional mind wandering.

Shafer, A. Dissociating retrieval success from incidental encoding activity during emotional memory retrieval, in the medial temporal lobe. Sharot, T. How emotion enhances the feeling of remembering. How arousal modulates memory: disentangling the effects of attention and retention.

Shen, L. Shigemune, Y. Neural mechanisms underlying the reward-related enhancement of motivation when remembering episodic memories with high difficulty. Simons, J. Prefrontal and medial temporal lobe interactions in long-term memory. Squire, L. Memory and the hippocampus: a synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans. Squire, R. Prefrontal contributions to visual selective attention. Talmi, D. Enhanced emotional memory cognitive and neural mechanisms.

The role of attention and relatedness in emotionally enhanced memory. Emotion 7, 89— Tataranni, P. Neuroanatomical correlates of hunger and satiation in humans using positron emission tomography. Taylor, S. The effect of emotional content on visual recognition memory: a PET activation study.

Neuroimage 8, — Um, E. Emotional design in multimedia learning. Urry, H. Emotion regulation in older age. Villringer, A.

Near infrared spectroscopy NIRS : a new tool to study hemodynamic changes during activation of brain function in human adults. Vogel, S. Learning and memory under stress: implications for the classroom.

Volman, I. Anterior prefrontal cortex inhibition impairs control over social emotional actions. Vuilleumier, P. How brains beware: neural mechanisms of emotional attention. Vytal, K. Neuroimaging support for discrete neural correlates of basic emotions: a voxel-based meta-analysis. Wager, T. Prefrontal-subcortical pathways mediating successful emotion regulation. Neuron 59, — Wagner, A. Prefrontal contributions to executive control: fMRI evidence for functional distinctions within lateral prefrontal cortex.

Neuroimage 14, — Walker, M. The role of sleep in cognition and emotion. Watson, D. Watt, D. Fotopoulou, D. Pfaff, and M. Conway Oxford: Oxford University Press. Panksepp Hoboken, NJ: Wiley , 75— Weymar, M. Yamasaki, H. Dissociable prefrontal brain systems for attention and emotion.

Yiend, J. The effects of emotion on attention: a review of attentional processing of emotional information. Keywords : emotional valence, arousal, learning, memory, prefrontal cortex PFC , medial temporal lobe MTL , amygdala, neuroimaging. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.

No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Tyng , Hafeez U. Amin , Mohamad N. Saad and Aamir S. Introduction Emotional experiences are ubiquitous in nature and important and perhaps even critical in academic settings, as emotion modulates virtually every aspect of cognition. Emotions, Moods, Feelings, Affects and Drives Subjective terms used in affective neuroscience include emotions, moods, feelings, affects and drives.

Accordingly, Panksepp suggested the following: Emotions are the psychoneural processes that are influential in controlling the vigor and patterning of actions in the dynamic flow of intense behavioral interchanges between animals as well as with certain objects that are important for survival. Recent Evidence Regarding the Role of Emotion in Learning and Memory The impact of emotion on learning processes is the focus of many current studies.

The Evolutionary Framework of Emotion and the Seven Primary Emotional Systems Evolution built our higher minds the faculty of consciousness and thoughts on a foundation of primary-process of emotional mechanism that preprogrammed executive action systems the prototype emotions rely on cognitive processing interpretation and appraisal in the organisms attempt to decipher the type of situation they might be in; in other words, how to deal with emotionally challenging situations, whether it is a play situation or a threat situation where RAGE and FEAR might be the appropriate system to recruit.

TABLE 2. Comparison of different emotional stimulus categories. At the same time, a low-contrast image of a smiling, scowling, or neutral face was presented to their nondominant eye -- typically, this image will be suppressed by the stimulus presented to the dominant eye and participants will not consciously experience it.

At the end of each trial, a set of five faces appeared and participants picked the one that best matched the face they saw during the trial. The face that was presented to participants' dominant eye was always neutral.

But they tended to select faces that were smiling more as the best match if the image that was presented outside of their awareness showed a person who was smiling as opposed to neutral or scowling.

In a second experiment, the researchers included an objective measure of awareness, asking participants to guess the orientation of the suppressed face. Those who correctly guessed the orientation at better than chance levels were not included in subsequent analyses. Again, the results indicated that unseen positive faces changed participants' perception of the visible neutral face.

Given that studies often show negative stimuli as having greater influence on behavior and decision making, the robust effect of positive faces in this research is intriguing and an interesting area for future exploration, the researchers note. Siegel and colleagues add that their findings could have broad, real-world implications that extend from everyday social interactions to situations with more severe consequences, such as when judges or jury members have to evaluate whether a defendant is remorseful.

Ultimately, these experiments provide further evidence that what we see is not a direct reflection of the world but a mental representation of the world that is infused by our emotional experiences.

Materials provided by Association for Psychological Science. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Science News. But they tended to select faces that were smiling more as the best match if the image that was presented outside of their awareness showed a person who was smiling as opposed to neutral or scowling In a second experiment, the researchers included an objective measure of awareness, asking participants to guess the orientation of the suppressed face.

Culture-specific appraisal biases contribute to emotion dispositions. Eur J Pers. Beyond fear: Rapid spatial orienting towards positive emotional stimuli. Psychological Science. Memory — a century of consolidation. Conscious emotional experience emerges as a function of multilevel, appraisal-driven response synchronization.

Conscious Cogn. The appraising brain: Towards a neuro-cognitive model of appraisal processes in emotion. Emotion Review. A selective review of selective attention research from the past century.

Br J Psychol. Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. Additive effects of emotional, endogenous, and exogenous attention: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. The face in the crowd revisited: A threat advantage with schematic stimuli.

J Pers Soc Psychol. The flexibility of emotional attention: Accessible social identities guide rapid attentional orienting. Emotion facilitates perception and potentiates the perceptual benefits of attention. Psychol Sci. The perception and categorization of emotional stimuli: A review. Cogn Emot. The voices of wrath: Brain responses to angry prosody in meaningless speech. Nat Neurosci. Cross-modal emotional attention: Emotional voices modulate early stages of visual processing.

J Cogn Neurosci. Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychol Bull. Parallel amygdala and inferotemporal activation reflect emotional intensity and fear relevance.

Emotional modulation of body-selective visual areas. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. Effects of attention and emotion on face processing in the human brain: An event-related fMRI study. How brains beware: Neural mechanisms of emotional attention.

Trends Cogn Sci. Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning. Psychological Review. Motivational salience: Amygdala tuning from traits, needs, values, and goals. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. The human amygdala: An evolved system for relevance detection. Rev Neurosci. Gazzaniga, Editor. Distant influences of amygdala lesion on visual cortical activation during emotional face processing.

The principles of psychology. Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: enduring memory impairment following a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus. J Neurosci. Emotion and cognition: Insights from studies of the human amygdala.

Annu Rev Psychol. Interaction between the amygdala and the medial temporal lobe memory system predicts better memory for emotional events. Human emotion and memory: Interactions of the amygdala and hippocampal complex.

Curr Opin Neurobiol. How and why emotion enhances the subjective sense of recollection. How emotion enhances the feeling of remembering. Some facts about weapon focus. Law Hum Behav. Goal-conduciveness as a key determinant of memory facilitation. Emotion, in press. Confidence, not consistency, characterizes flashbulb memories. Sander and K. Scherer, Editors. Affective forecasting — Knowing what to want.

The Iowa Gambling Task and the somatic marker hypothesis: some questions and answers. Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences. The somatic marker hypothesis: a critical evaluation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. Generating value s : Psychological value hierarchies reflect context-dependent sensitivity of the reward system.

Soc Neurosci. The importance of actions and the worth of an object: Dissociable neural systems representing core value and economic value. Behav Brain Sci. The neural basis of economic decision-making in the Ultimatum Game. Altruistic punishment in humans. The neural basis of altruistic punishment.

Clin Psychol Rev. Published under the copyright license CC BY-NC-SA: This license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.

If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified material under identical terms. See: smw. In order to offer you a better user experience, we use cookies.

Additional information can be found here. Please find the affiliations for this article in the PDF. Introduction What is an emotion? The impact of emotion on perception and attention The impact of emotion on memory The impact of emotion on decision-making Conclusions.

Privacy policy.