What was happening in 1500s

The people of Benin begin a lasting tradition of sculpture in brass, melted down from objects brought by traders. The lively realism of Kamal-ud-din Bihzad lays the basis of both the Persian and the Mughal schools of painting.

Even the remote city of Machu Picchu, on its peak above the jungle, is built in the massively precise Inca style of masonry. The first etchings are printed in Augsburg, from iron plates. Go to Augsburg in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Nanak, the first of the Sikh gurus, takes to the road as a wandering teacher. The first watches, made in Nuremberg, are spherical clocks about three inches in diameter, worn usually on a ribbon round the neck. Go to clocks and watches in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance 1 ed.

The first modern lock gates are installed on a canal in Milan, probably designed by Leonardo da Vinci. Go to Leonardo da Vinci — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Faenza becomes the main centre for the production of the Italian tin-glazed earthenware known as majolica. Leonardo argues that fossils in rocks far above the sea imply not the effects of the Flood but a change in the level of an ancient sea bed. The female mamakuna and the male yanakuna are selected in childhood to serve the Inca state.

Portuguese explorer Pedro Cabral, with a fleet of thirteen ships, makes landfall in Brazil. The Inca empire has about 25, miles of well-serviced roads, designed for caravans of llamas. The Portuguese establish trading posts in east Africa, on the coast of Mozambique. European diseases bring death on a massive scale to an American population that has no immunity.

The Salic law, preventing inheritance of the throne by or through a woman, is by now accepted as a fundamental law of France. In Cuzco's great temple, the sacrifices are usually of llamas, occasionally of humans. Ceramic artists in Italy decorate large majolica dishes with scenes of narrative history, giving this style the name istoriato. The year-old Ismail I is enthroned as shah of a new Persian dynasty, the Safavids.

Michelangelo begins work in Florence on a tall thin slab of marble, which he transforms into David. Vasco da Gama wins a trading treaty for Portuguese merchants after bombarding the Indian port of Calicut into submission. Go to da Gama, Vasco c. Go to James IV b. Hieronymus Bosch paints the most detailed of his exotically surreal canvases, The Garden of Earthly Delights. Go to Bosch, Hieronymus c. The Portuguese set up a trading post on the east African island of Zanzibar.

Go to Zanzibar in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Babur captures Kabul, making it and eastern Afghanistan the first possession of the Mughal empire. The Portuguese establish a presence in Sri Lanka, trading in the island's crop of cinnamon. Leonardo captures the enigmatic smile of Lisa Gherardini, known now as the Mona Lisa. The editor of a pamphlet proposes that the recently found continent should be named America after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci. Michelangelo begins work in Rome on the ceiling of the Sistine chapel.

Raphael is summoned to Rome by Julius II and is given a major commission for frescoes. Go to Raphael — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Raphael begins work on the frescoes in the pope's apartment in the Vatican, known as the Stanze 'Rooms'. Erasmus and Thomas More take the northern Renaissance in the direction of Christian humanism.

Go to humanism in The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy 2 rev ed. Giorgione and Titian introduce the richness of colour which characterizes the high Renaissance style in Venice. The Portuguese seize Goa and make it their colonial capital in India. The startling colour contrasts in Michelangelo's Sistine ceiling anticipate one of the main characteristics of Italian mannerism.

The painter Giorgione dies after a short but extremely influential life in Venice. Go to Giorgione c. The earliest surviving curling stone, discovered in Scotland, dates from this year. Go to curling in World Encyclopedia 1 ed.

The Portuguese take control of Malacca, in the Malay peninsula, as a base for trade further east. Go to Malacca in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. The Portuguese make treaties in the Moluccas or Spice Islands , to trade in cloves and nutmeg. Go to Moluccas in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. On the death of his father at Flodden, the one-year-old James V becomes king of Scotland.

Go to James V b. Go to midwife in A Dictionary of Public Health 1 ed. The Portuguese capture Hormuz and establish a garrison to control the Gulf of Oman. Go to Francis I — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed.

The Spanish complete the conquest of Cuba and establish the town of Havana. Catherine of Aragon gives birth to a daughter, Mary, who becomes the only one of her six children to live beyond infancy. The original ghetto is established as a district to which the Jews of Venice are confined. Ariosto, in Orlando Furioso , tells of Roland's madness when he is abandoned by the pagan princess Angelica.

Erasmus publishes an influential edition of the New Testament in its original Greek. Go to Erasmus d. Go to Selim I c. The last Abbasid caliph, captured by the Ottoman Turks, is taken as a prisoner to Istanbul - ending the authentic line of 'successors' to Muhammad.

Leonardo da Vinci moves to France, on the invitation of Francis I. The local sale of indulgences by Johann Tetzel outrages a friar teaching in Wittenberg, Martin Luther. Go to Tetzel, Johann c. Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the door of the castle church in Wittenberg. Philipp Melanchthon joins the Wittenberg university to teach Greek and inspires Luther to translate the New Testament. The Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes lands on the coast of Mexico with men, 16 horses and about 20 guns.

Ferdinand Magellan and a small fleet depart from Seville, attempting to sail round the world. Go to Magellan, Ferdinand c. Charles V borrows , florins, mainly from the Fuggers, to bribe the seven imperial electors. Go to Charles V —58 in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Montezuma welcomes Hernan Cortes to his capital, Tenochtitlan, under the impression that he is the returning god-king Quetzalcoatl. Cortes and his tiny force capture Montezuma, ruler of the mighty Aztec empire, in his palace at Tenochtitlan.

Go to Holbein, Hans — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Europe's new printing presses make possible the first pamphlet war, spreading instant arguments for and against the Reformation. Luther's writings are burnt in Rome by order of the pope. Cortes loses control of Tenochtitlan and has to escape in haste with his men during 'the Sorrowful Night'. Eighty distinguished Swedish citizens are executed together on the main square, in what becomes known as the Stockholm Bloodbath.

Mannerism develops in Italy in the work of the painters Pontormo and Rosso Fiorentino. Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther after he has refused to recant.

Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan crosses the Pacific in ninety-nine days and reaches Guam. Luther travels to the German city of Worms to present his case to an imperial diet. Ferdinand Magellan is killed in the Philippines, in a skirmish with natives. Luther bears witness to a Protestant conscience, stating at Worms: 'Here I stand, I can not do otherwise. Go to Suleiman I — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. After a little more than a year Cortes recaptures Tenochtitlan and finally establishes Spanish control over Mexico.

Ignatius of Loyola, recovering from a wound received as a soldier at Pamplona, is inspired by reading the lives of the saints. Hans Sachs, popular poet and master singer, describes Luther as the Wittenberg nightingale. The Vasa dynasty in Sweden begins with the seizing of the throne by Gustavus I.

William Tyndale studies in the university at Wittenberg and plans to translate the Bible into English. Go to Tyndale, William c. Luther, a former friar, marries Catherine von Bora, a former nun who has just emerged from her convent.

The Inca emperor, Huayna Capac, dies in an epidemic of a western disease, smallpox. Go to smallpox in Concise Medical Dictionary 8 ed. Conrad Grebel baptises an adult, causing outrage in Protestant Zurich. Go to Grebel, Conrad c. Muslims throughout Spain are ordered to convert to Christianity or to leave the kingdom.

The conquistadors, settling on land granted to them after the conquest, begin the long process of European emigration to America.

Go to conquistadores in A Dictionary of World History 2 ed. Lucas Cranach's studio in Wittenberg has a profitable line in naked female figures from mythology. Francis I begins to transform Fontainebleau into a palace, employing artists who establish the mannerist school of Fontainebleau. The ways the pandemic has exposed the failures of our social system. Yes, actually more than one day with no deaths. No deaths occurred on September 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or 13 in the year When the Gregorian calendar was adopted we jumped from September 2 to September 14, Many researchers into animal language have presented the results of the studies described below as evidence of linguistic abilities in animals.

Many of their conclusions have been disputed. It is now generally accepted that apes can learn to sign and are able to communicate with humans. The La Plata dolphin has an EQ of approximately 1. The domestic cat is attributed a value of between 1—1. A team of researchers found domestic cats respond more strongly to their own names than to other words in a series. In fact, cats have the IQ of a 2- or 3-year-old child. Place it so it ends up going underneath a piece of furniture, like a chair or your refrigerator.

Converts to Roman Catholicism in in attempt to end religious wars. Galileo 's experiments with falling objects. Tycho Brahe describes his astronomical experiments. For additional information on any of the highlighted text , click on the search engine results for either [ General Audiences ] or [ For Kids ] to link to relevant resources available on the Web. These hyperlinks will open in a new browser window. To return to the timeline, close the new browser window.

The Spanish Conquest. Click here for more information: [ General Audiences ] [ For Kids ]. The Protestant Reformation. Crop failure and disease was a constant threat to life. Wheat bread was the favorite staple, but most peasants lived on Rye and Barley in the form of bread and beer.

These grains were cheaper and higher yield, though less tasty. The Industrial revolution was born in Britain in the s, and allowed huge economic growth, which brought even more money in, allowing them to become still more powerful, economically, politically and militarily, in the process.

At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. The data also showed women are more likely to report the condition than men. Table of Contents.

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